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set xtics geographic indicates that x-axis values are to be interpreted as a geographic coordinate measured in degrees. Use set xtics format or set format x to specify the appearance of the axis tick labels. The format specifiers for geographic data are as follows:
%D = integer degrees %<width.precision>d = floating point degrees %M = integer minutes %<width.precision>m = floating point minutes %S = integer seconds %<width.precision>s = floating point seconds %E = label with E/W instead of +/- %N = label with N/S instead of +/-
For example, the command set format x "%Ddeg %5.2mmin %E" will cause x coordinate -1.51 to be labeled as " 1deg 30.60min W".
If the xtics are left in the default state (set xtics numeric) the coordinate will be reported as a decimal number of degrees, and format will be assumed to contain normal numeric format specifiers rather than the special set above.
To output degrees/minutes/seconds in a context other than axis tics, such as placing labels on a map, you can use the relative time format specifiers %tH %tM %tS for strptime. See time_specifiers, strptime.